Object identification system

ABSTRACT

A system and method for identifying objects possessing minute but significant details is described. At its core, the system includes a user interface, means for comparatively identifying the object and means for displaying results. Notably, because the system does not rely upon highly specialized or complex equipment, the invention is expected to have particular applicability in a wide variety of every-day situations. Moreover, the system is explicitly designed for user friendliness, so as to eliminate that need for extensive training for any prospective user of the system. The system should have particular applicability in key blank identification and key duplication processes.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/633,933 filed on Aug. 4, 2003 entitled “OBJECT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM”which is related to, and claims all benefits under of 35 U.S.C. 119(e),to the Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/452,893 entitled“OBJECT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM” and filed on Mar. 7, 2003 and theProvisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/400,772 entitled“IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM” and filed on Aug. 2, 2002, each of which ishereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF INVENTION

This invention relates generally to the field of systems for identifyingobjects and, more particularly to systems for utilizing electronic meansfor identifying key blanks that are functionally compatible with anunknown key for use in a key duplication system.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

The identification of objects that are relatively fungible, but possessminute yet important nuances or details, can be a difficult, tedious andtime consuming affair. As will be readily recognized by those familiarwith such enterprises, a failure to accurately identify such objectswith regularity can have unintended or undesirable consequences.

The identification process commonly used by locksmiths when makingduplicate copies of a key is illustrative of such difficulties. The artof key replication is well known, insofar as the key intended forduplication (the master key) is simply copied on to an appropriatelyidentified key-blank utilizing any number of different systems known inthe art. In doing so, it is of the utmost importance that each masterkey be copied onto the proper key-blank so as to prevent numerousadverse consequences caused by reproducing a master key onto aninappropriate key-blank. However, choosing the correct key-blank can bedifficult even for experts in the field.

There are hundreds, if not thousands, of key-blanks, and many blanks arenot readily distinguished from others. Identifying the correct key-blankfor use in duplication involves selecting a blank from hundreds or eventhousands of possibilities, where differences between key-blanks may bevery subtle. These hard-to-notice subtleties significantly increase thelevel of difficulty for all operators of such key replication systems,both inexperienced trainees and experts alike.

Once a key-blank is chosen, it goes through a cutting process. Thetypical cutting process simply traces the profile of the master key ontothe key blank, such that the key-blank will exactly match (within theerror limits and accuracy of the tracing machine) the original masterkey. Normally, a mechanically linked cutting wheel actually cuts intothe key-blank, while it mimics the movement of the tracer as the tracermoves longitudinally along the profile of the master key. If theincorrect key-blank is provided during this process, the key-blank beingformed into the duplicate key may not possess the correct longitudinallength, thereby causing a failure. When this type of failure occurs, theentire process of selecting a key-blank for replication and thenmechanically cutting the key must begin again. Worse still, if the blankhas the proper length but does not possess the appropriate thickness,contour, groove or other traits, the failure may not be discovered untilthe key is actually inserted into the lock.

Businesses that offer key cutting services are often times not staffedby experienced locksmiths. Instead, employees are usually trained to“eyeball” what is thought to be the correct blank and then cut aduplicate key. Such informal and imprecise key-blank identificationinvariably increases the rate of failures for the duplication process.

These failures often occur, at the expense of the industry and to theextreme dismay of the key holder. An accurate, easy-to-use key-blankidentification system that increases the accuracy and efficiency of keyreplication and duplication would be welcomed by the industry.

Not surprisingly, numerous attempts have been made to improveidentification systems and/or key replication systems. Generallyspeaking, these efforts can be grouped in two basic categories: imagebased methods and physical recognition systems.

The image-based methods essentially rely upon optical devices to createa digital representation of the key. This digitized image is thenmanipulated for identification and other purposes. Examples of thesesystems are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,807,042; 5,908,273; 6,064,747 and6,406,227. Notably, each of these systems require specific arrangementscameras, lasers and/or scanning devices, in conjunction with a computerprocessor, to achieve their respective purposes, thereby increasingcomplexity and cost.

In contrast, physical recognition systems are similar to the previouslystated method of “eyeballing” a key-blank. As seen in U.S. Pat. No.5,351,409, a set of identification boxes is required to assist the userin a systematic comparison of prospective key-blanks. Such key-blankboxes can be bulky, difficult to update and inconvenient to store andmaintain. Furthermore, the operator's judgment is still vital to theprocess, insofar as the ultimate result is directly tied to theoperator's specific sequential determinations in comparing the key bladewith the standard blanks that are provided. Most significantly, evenwith dedicated key blank boxes (which typically have test slots intowhich the original key is inserted to check for a proper fit), theminute differences in some blanks may still permit the original to fitproperly into the wrong key blank's test slot, thereby resulting in afailure of the identification system.

The shortcomings of these previously known systems are numerous. In bothcases above (i.e., image-based or physical recognition systems),specialized equipment is required. Moreover, these previously knownmethods do not provide for any automated tracking of inventory, nor dothey readily permit systematic tracking of other variables that may beof interest. Further, none of the previously known systems appear to bereadily adaptable to non-key-blank identification applications, nor dothey seem to be allow for the use of common consumer computer systemsand other similar construction materials (such as off-the-shelf personalcomputers, personal digital assistants, LEDs, etc.). Finally, to theextent that many of these systems must be operated by skilledtechnicians or specially trained employees, the consumer feelsdisconnected from the process and, in all likelihood, will feel evenmore annoyed and dismayed if a failure occurs in using these systems.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

It is therefore a primary object of the present invention to provide arelatively simple key-blank identification method and apparatus that canidentify an identical or functionally compatible key blank from basicinformation provided by the user, with absolute accuracy and without theneed for highly-specialized equipment or training.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus andmethod, based upon simple parameters and without the need for compleximaging systems or bulky comparative devices, to identify key blanks orany number of other objects having minute details or subtle nuances froman original provided by the user.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an identificationmethod and apparatus that is: (a) easy to use, (b) relativelyinexpensive to construct and operate and (c) highly reliable in terms ofboth its functioning and its results.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide anidentification system that may be operated with minimal requiredtraining for the user and that may be implemented with minimal expense.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a generalizedidentification method and apparatus that includes an electronic databaseof information concerning an array of objects for identification thatcan be readily monitored and easily updated or expanded.

A final object of the present invention is to provide a user-friendlyinterface and display that permits everyday consumers to directlyinteract with and control the identification process, along with anyother subsequent, automated processes that may be associated therewith.

The present invention, as defined by the following description, drawingsand appended claims, fulfills these objects and others by providing aninteractive system having a user interface for inputting specifiedvariables related to an object that are observed by the user of thesystem. The user interface is operatively associated with database meansfor comparing the user-provided input against one or more sets of datain order to identify an appropriate master object for the user. Theresults of this identification process are then made known to the uservia display means. This particular arrangement of elements is expectedto have particular applicability in the area of key-blankidentification.

The invention further comprises a computer, having a graphical userinterface for inputting specified variables, again observed by the user,that are related to the object, and a database for comparing these inputvariables to known data in order to identify an appropriate match,operatively associated with a display for indicating the results to theuser.

In each of the instances above, the invention may also include atracking means for recording and monitoring variables related to theutilization of the system, including information about the user, theuser's actions and the objects identified by the system. Automatedassistance means can also be provided to further assist the user. Aspecially designed display rack for indicating the results to the useris also contemplated. Finally, computerized network means for linking aplurality of the aforementioned elements is also claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1 shows a schematic representation of a possible configuration forthe system of the present invention.

FIGS. 2 through 14 are screenshots of a possible user interface showingpossible master key information for input into the system.

FIG. 15 is a possible embodiment for a key identification light boardwhere lights illuminate appropriate portions of the board to identifypotential key-blanks.

FIG. 16 shows an embodiment of a display board surface for displayingthe key blanks available and identified by the key blank query.

FIG. 17 shows a possible block diagram for 2 display panel sectionsdesigned to utilize 8 bit shift registers.

FIG. 18 shows a possible block diagram of the serial port outputsignals, along with the level conversion hardware needed to drive theshift registers.

FIG. 19 shows a flow chart for the identification process contemplatedby the software of the present invention.

FIG. 20 shows an embodiment of the graphical user interface for ascaled-down version of the computing and display devices of the presentinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides its user with a simple means forsystematically identifying objects possessing minor, yet extremelyimportant, physical differences. The invention is implemented usingrelatively simple techniques and without the need for complex,specialized equipment or extensive user training. The invention willhave particular applicability in the field of key replication, althoughit should be understood the invention is equally applicable in anynumber of other fields where a multiplicity of relatively fungiblecomponents are prevalent, including but not limited to fasteners, autoparts, home furnishings, tools, computer-related products, officesupplies and the like. Moreover, it should be understood that theinvention is expressly designed to be user-friendly in order toencourage its widespread implementation in a consumer-orientedenvironment. In fact, users of the inventive system will most likely becustomers seeking to identify and purchase the object that is identifiedby the system or relatively unskilled laborers in need of identifyingobjects in remote or field-based situations (rather than trainedemployees or experts).

The invention itself relies upon a database to transform operatorinputs, provided through an operator interface, to accurately identifyan appropriate match or matches for the object in question. Typically,the input will be based upon easily identifiable traits found on theobject, such as product or serial numbers, brand names, intended use(s)of the object (e.g., a house key versus a car key or number 2 Phillipshead screw driver versus a regular flat blade) and the like. In keepingwith the invention's stated goal of user-friendliness and in starkcontrast to the physical recognition system described above, onlylimited (if any) physical manipulation of the object or reliance uponother implements is necessary in order to determine these inputs.

For example, with respect to a system for key identification, sometypical inputs required (and the corresponding values contained in thedatabase) might include: the key-blank manufacturer name, key-blankmanufacturer number, master-key type/use, master-key subtypes,applications for each HY-KO/EZ-Number, a list of retailer stock numbersfor each HY-KO/EZ-Number, a list of exact substitutes for eachHY-KO/EZ-Number, a list of display rack locations for each retailerstock number, and a list of automotive transponder notes by make, model,and year. Similar information fields could be utilized in order toidentify the other objects to the invention is also applicable, suchthat an identification system for fasteners might include fields like:shape of the fastener's head, shape of the fastener's axis, overallsize, intended use, desired strength, etc. Ultimately, the nature of theinformation will be inherent to the peculiarities of the object itself.

The database itself may be used and accessed as locally installedsoftware, as a network-based application, as part of an integratedcircuit or in any other known manner. As above, the intended use of theinvention will impact the precise means by which the database isincluded in or delivered to the inventive system. For example, withrespect to a key identification system, the most practicalimplementation scheme may be through the use of a common,over-the-counter personal computer, in conjunction with the elementsdescribed below, so as to allow for easy and widespread implementationas a user-friendly kiosk in hardware stores and other retail locations.

Functionally, the database compares and cross-references a plurality ofknown values against at least one input provided by the user in a mannerthat is well known to those skilled in the arts of software andcomputer-related inventions. This database information can be updatedperiodically based upon use of the system, specific inputs by the useror according to a set schedule. While it is presently preferred to havethe database and associated information stored locally on a device, itis contemplated that such information could also be accessed via theworld wide web or obtained from a remotely located database via acomputerized network (e.g., local area network, wide area network,etc.).

In some cases, the database output may include a number of items whichrepresent a set of the closest or most appropriate matches for the user.In these instances, the database itself will be programmed toautomatically search for and determine the occasions when multiplematches are appropriate, and the output from the database to the userwill be provided accordingly.

The operator interface, and the ultimate database output, should bebased upon a familiar and user-friendly system. Touch screens, dedicatedpush buttons (e.g., YES, NO, etc.), mouse like pointers, regularcomputer keyboards and/or similar input devices—that are familiar to anaverage consumer—are the preferred embodiment of this interface. Furtherspecifications for a preferred embodiment of the operator interface,along with numerous other details related to the specific application ofthese inventive principles to a key identification system, are given inthe first example below. Likewise, the output display should be in theform of a monitor, printed material or visual display. While thegraphical user interfaces and the various types of visual displaydevices are discussed at length throughout this specification, aparticular form of a visual display rack is described in detail in thesecond example below. Finally, to the extent that the invention mayincorporate or rely upon software, the third example below is devoted todiscussing the functions of such software, as well as an alternativeembodiment for the graphic user interface which may assist in reducingthe computing demands of that software.

The invention may include other related software applications, inconjunction with the database, to further increase the accuracy andefficiency of the system. These applications include, but are notlimited to the following:

(a) an inventory database that can track system use and remind theretailer to order or automatically reorder objects that may be in lowsupply;

(b) an update utility for the database to permit incorporation of new orreplacement information for the objects;

(c) a “Help System” that explains the identification process andincludes trouble shooting guide(s) for the invention itself, along withany secondary systems that may be incorporated with the invention (seebelow for further details). The Help System may also incorporate atraining video or system to educate the retail employee or customerregarding the identification process (or secondary process, to theextent the system is incorporated into a further processing system, suchas the automated key replication system contemplated by portions of thefirst example below) if the device a point-of-purchase device; and

(d) a historical log that provides detailed tracking of the resultsprovided to the user. Such tracking logs may be helpful in determininguser preferences, enhancing marketing strategies, automaticallyadjusting the settings of the system to display certain items orpreferentially request certain inputs and other reasons that will beinherent to the particular application in which the invention is used.These logs will be particularly useful in the event that theidentification system is linked to mass communication systems such as acomputerized network or the internet. Also, these logs could, in someinstances, be operatively connected to or part of the aforementionedinventory database.

Notably, keeping in mind that a monitor, CRT or video system is normallyincluded in most computer systems, the output present invention may, inaddition to or in place of such video systems, include a speciallydesigned, lighted display rack which highlights or backlights possiblematches on the rack for the operator's further visual examination and/oruse. Such a display rack could be connected directly to a common serial,parallel, USB or other communications port (wired or wireless) found onmany personal computers, perhaps according to the description containedin the second example below. Thus, the invention is highly adaptableand, to the extent that laptop personal computers are easilytransported, mobile. Moreover, these lighted display racks could beinstalled as kiosks in retail stores, incorporated in vehicles or evenspecially designed to be transported in a convenient carrying case.Ultimately, the primary goal of these displays is to simplify andenhance the use of the system by its intended operators—consumers orinexperienced employees who have not been trained in the nuances of theidentification process in question.

Alternatively or additionally, a color-coded, number and/or lettersystem could also be used to help user's identify a location where theobject which has been identified can be found. Essentially, the specificcolors, numbers or letters would represent specific areas on the displayboard in order to direct the user to the appropriate location (i.e., thedisplay rack would be presented as a grid, and the identification systemoutput would be tailored to that grid). Each display panel has knownlocations which include storage space for the particular object inquestion. The artwork overlay for each location on the panel would haveappropriate information on it for easy identification. Using this set upin conjunction with the software described elsewhere in thisapplication, a simple method for providing the exact location of theidentified object is achieved.

Still other automated devices, such as movable, motorized subpanels(which would revolve so as to present one location or a series ofrelated locations to the user) or a robotic retrieval system (whichwould rely upon a combination of motors in two or three dimensions tocause an arm-like device to find, grasp and move the object to a desiredlocation), could be included to further enhance the identificationsystem. Integration of such an automated system with the historical logsand/or networked capabilities of the system mentioned above wouldultimately allow for the seamless retrieval, re-ordering and/orrestocking certain items on the display board.

Expanding even further upon the notion of an automated system, theinvention may be adapted for inclusion in or with other known systems,in order to further process or utilize the object that has beenidentified. For example, if the invention is devoted to key-blankidentification, the system could be operatively associated with anyknown key replication device so as to create a cohesive, fully automatedsystem that can be used directly by a consumer, rather than a skilledlocksmith or technician. Such a system would be akin to a vendingmachine in which the consumer answers a few questions abouteasy-to-observe physical traits of the key, then places the key in adesignated position and has the original and a duplicate returned out ofthe machine only a few moments later. This vending-machine concept mightinclude a robotic arm to retrieve the identified key blank, to positionthe blank properly within the associated key replication system and todeliver the keys to the operator. Thus, through this integration of aseparate system to produce an end-result, the identification system ofthe present invention represents a useful means—in a wide array ofdifferent situations—to further enhance the user's experience withoutthe need for employee intervention. In short, the invention contemplatescomplete, integrated and automated systems, accessible by averageconsumers, in order to further process the identified object.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic, generalized representation of the presentinvention. Identification system 10 includes input device 12 operativelyassociated with an operator interface system 14. Interface 14 interactswith database means 16 so as to produce the output described above.Logic system 14 then produces and displays the appropriate outputs ondisplay panel 18. Concurrently, the output from database means 16 mayalso be sent to a device driver 20 in order to transform the output intoa compatible set of instructions for display board 22. Notably, theinterface 14, database means 16 and device driver 20 can allfunctionally be part of a single computer processing unit. By the sametoken, display panel 18 could represent a standard CRT, monitor or othervideo system that is commonly sold as part an over-the-counter personalcomputer system. Display board 22 is optional, and it can be constructedfrom common components, including LEDs, diodes and related circuitrywidely available in consumer electronics stores. The software package,that can be specially developed utilizing known software programmingtechniques, operating systems and device drivers, can be downloaded oraccessible via a computerized network or provided via standarddistribution channels and means (burned to CDs or DVDs, provided on anintegrated circuit, etc.). Thus, it can be seen that invention 10 can beeasily implemented without the need for expensive or highly specializedequipment.

The configuration shown in FIG. 1 will have particular applicability tothe Key Identification System described below, although it must beunderstood that other configurations of the invention, consistent withthe principles described herein, are also possible. Likewise, thereferences to specific elements in this descriptive paragraph must beread in light of the entire disclosure, including the examples providedbelow. Finally, any of the other elements described above could beplaced in, or substituted for the elements of, the schematic system inFIG. 1. For example, in the event that a secondary system (such as a keyreplication device) was included, this secondary system would beoperatively associated with the device driver 20 in place of or inparallel with optional display board 22. Likewise, the various softwarefunctionalities described herein are generically encompassed byreference element 18.

While the basic principles of the invention have been set forth above,the examples below will provide detailed information on certain aspectsof the invention. It should be readily understood that these examplesbelow are merely illustrative of the larger invention, described andclaimed herein. In essence, these examples are provided to allow forfurther exploration on specific aspects of the invention. Significantly,these examples are not mutually exclusive, and it is possible andexpected that the elements, methodology and rationale described in anyone of the examples may be incorporated into the disclosure of the otherexamples without departing from the inventive principles. Finally, whilespecific elements may be identified, those skilled in the art willreadily appreciate that any equivalents for these elements are expresslycontemplated and covered by this disclosure.

Example 1

The Key Identification System (KIDS) is an innovative method for keyidentification in the master key replication process. Overall, itprovides for increased accuracy and efficiency in crucial stage of keyreplication—the identification and provision of an appropriate keyblank. Through its reliance upon the user to inspect and provide inputsabout the key that is to be replicated, errors in the operation ofcomplex computing and mechanical equipment (such as the light scannersor numerous key blank test boxes described in the background ofinvention) will be avoided. The hardware required by the system can bepurchased or constructed from readily available items, whereas and thesoftware applications are easily available for distribution throughwell-known channels. Thus, the essential elements of the inventionprovide a novel method of key identification and replication that can bequickly and readily adopted by the industry. Moreover, because theinvention can be readily adapted into familiar graphic user interfacesand other well known input devices (touch screens, mouse pointers,printed results, etc.), the system itself will be particularlyuser-friendly.

KIDS also contemplates the use of other data, such providing informationregarding the “reverse values” of key blanks, in order to fulfill itsgoals of accuracy, efficiency and simplicity. Reverse values is a termin the art, and it generally refers to the concept that the grooves oneither side of a given key blank may be the exact opposite of thegrooves on another key blank, thereby making the two key blanksinterchangeable so long as the one is turned upside down prior to itsuse. By identifying the key blanks that are “reverse values” of otherkey blanks, retailers may be able to pare down the number of key blanksneeded in inventory.

Further, as identified above, KIDS utilizes a storage database torecord: (a) failures in identification, (b) use of the system, (c) thenumber of blanks identified/provided/used, and/or (d) demographicinformation about the users themselves. Likewise, the database couldretain how often “reverse value” key blanks were required. Informationin such a database could be uploaded via the internet and compiled for anumber of locations and/or for a chain of retail locations for furtheruse and analysis. In a similar fashion, any updates to the database andother software required by the present invention could be supplied viadownload internet connection, separate disk or CD, or by way ofreceiving an altogether new component having the required informationthereon.

The programming required by the database and associated softwareapplications can be achieved using known programming languages andtechniques. Specifically, the software could be implemented usingdatabase platforms and operating systems. Alternatively, the programcould be constructed from any known computer code such as Active X, XML,C+, etc., and in line with object-oriented or other known programmingstrategies. Additionally, artificial intelligence concepts could beimplemented so that the system would essentially adapt to learn frommistakes or frequent user inputs or preferences, thereby making futureoperation of the system even more efficient and/or user-friendly.

One specific means for user inputs would be by way of a Graphical UserInterface (GUI) having drop down windows for various information fields.The results of possible key-blank matches could then displayed on avideo screen, as well as on the selectively lighted display board. Theoperator can simply enter the known information about the key into theappropriate window of the GUI. The database algorithm could also promptthe operator with a series of pertinent questions for the user toanswer, thereby leading to necessary inputs. FIGS. 2-14 depict, by wayof “screen snapshots,” possible arrangements for a particular GUI,although the specific data windows suggested therein are not meant tolimit the potential areas of inquiry (for example, key blade length,thickness or presence/position of a groove are all other potential areasof information that could be included in the GUI).

Alternatively or additionally, the aforementioned touch screens orbuttons could be used to further simplify the user's experience. Inthese cases, the software would need to request inputs in such a fashionas to be compatible with the user's ability to enter the information.That is, if only finite number of buttons are provided as the user'smeans to input information, the software must be written and designed tooffer choices to the user that correspond to those buttons (e.g., aseries of questions such as, “Press 1 if the key is a house key, press 2if it is another type” or the like).

The information input into the system will enable the algorithm toselect the appropriate key-blank(s) for replication from the master key.All identified key-blanks can be highlighted by the display rack foreasy retrieval by the user. Preferably, based upon these inputs, asingle key-blank will be indicated and used by the operator of the keyreplication system in order to reproduce the master key. When no singlekey is an exact match, a series of key-blank possibilities may beidentified. In the event an automated retrieval system is incorporated,the software can be programmed to afford the user with the option ofretrieving all of the possible matches or entering additional inputs tofurther winnow down the potential matches.

Using a database to identify key blanks affords the user with the addedbonus of learning additional information about the blank itself. Even ifthe key blank is identified with only a few inputs/answers to queries,the system can still display a multitude of information about the blankfor the user, including but not limited to: key identification by usageor type (e.g., house key, padlock key, cabinet file key, automotive key,recreational vehicle key and agricultural/tractor trailer key),identification of automotive keys by make, model, or year,identification by manufacturer or part number (for example, ILCO number,ACE stock number, UPC code and/or the Jaw Selection), level of availablesupplies, system usage statistics and notation of the transponder numberwhen applicable. Moreover, the system could also display otherinformation about related products or other items that may be ofinterest to the user. For example, if the key blank is identified as apadlock key and the system is installed in a hardware store, padlockaccessories also sold by that store could be identified in the output ofthe system.

In order to achieve these goals, the KIDS interface preferably consistsof a GUI similar to those pictured in FIGS. 2-7. This arrangement for aGUI prompts the operator for inputs by presenting blank informationfields in combination with drop down menus to identify all of thepossible choices available to the user. These choices will be modifiedby the program as additional information is input, and the user canactually see the possible matches and other information in real-time onthe basis of the answers provided. The GUI can be displayed on amultitude of general computing devices including but not limited togeneral personal computers, personal digital assistants (including thosecombined with or functioning as cell phones), many hand-held devices,and numerous other user interfaces. The user interface would beprogrammed to contain multi-lingual support so that users have theoption of choosing the language with which they are most comfortable.

KIDS may also be equipped with a software application to provideinventory assistance to the retailer or distribution outlet involved inmaster key replication. The inventory information stored within thedatabase provides real-time and/or offline access to a variety ofvariables, including but not limited to inventory levels of allkey-blanks, the make and areas of use for the blanks, and recent orexpected sales activities (based on projections from the historicalinformation). Additionally, the inventory system could be configured tonotify the operator of the need to restock or to actually performautomated restocking of key-blanks by having the system electronicallyorder the necessary items. Furthermore, this inventory notificationsystem provides information for restocking on a local store basis,regional basis, or by national store brand.

A machine-recognizable object verification system could be incorporatedinto the system, either to compliment the inventory system or to serveas a stand-alone element. Here, the master object would possess indiciaof recognition which would serve at least one of two purposes: (i) toverify that the key-blank that was identified has, in fact, beenproperly retrieved, and/or (ii) to prompt the inventory system that aparticular key blank has been selected and to make an appropriatenotation therefore. Ideally, this indicia of recognition would be somesort of machine vision marking on the key blank (e.g., a bar code)coupled with an appropriate detector integrated as part of the userinterface (e.g., a bar code scanner located on the kiosk console with anoutput means to indicate whether or not the blank selected matches theone previously identified by the database). By the same token, suchindicia could be radio frequency identification means (e.g., small chipsembedded into each blank) or other types of machinereadable/recognizable schemes. Use of this sort of verification systemwould increase the accuracy of the identification process and, to theextent it may be linked to the inventory functions described herein,also serve to enhance that functionality.

KIDS may also include a software application to provide updates to avariety of system software packages including but not limited to thekey-blank index or the database selection algorithm in a variety ofmeans including but not limited to real-time downloads, offlineconfiguration disks and other means known in the art. The updatesoftware application may also be able to provide other applications(either embedded within the database or as seemingly stand aloneprograms) to further the efficiency and capabilities of the keyidentification system.

For example, KIDS may also be equipped with a “Help System” which wouldexplain and/or demonstrate a variety of concepts to the user. Theseconcepts could include, but are not necessarily limited to, anexplanation of the key identification process, a trouble shooting guidefor the retailer's or distribution outlet's cutting machine, generalhelp with the visual inspection procedure, and/or general help with thehardware and software systems involved in the key identificationprocess.

The historical log application associated with KIDS provides a detailedtracking mechanism for numerous variables. Essentially, this applicationcould act as an auditable function for monitoring and recordinginformation about the use, inputs and results generated by KIDS. Inparticular, the historical log could includes, but is not necessarilylimited to, data for each sale of a certain key-blank type, any requiredre-cuts due to miss-identification of the key-blank, any requiredre-cuts due to a miss-cut, lost sales due to lack of key-blank, lostsales due to lack of substitutions for key-blanks, and any miscellaneousinformation the operator deems pertinent to the sale or lost sale. Othersimple and easy functions provided within the framework of thehistorical log application would involve adding or modifying the datafields, resetting the logs, extracting customized reports from the dataand selectively toggling between tracking modes.

It is also possible to utilize KIDS as part of a larger system forstoring, shelving, or putting away key blanks, in addition to theaforementioned identification functionality. By inputting informationinto the system about the appropriate key blank (thereby illuminating anLED on the display rack), the retailer may identify and stock theappropriate storage position of the key blank accordingly. Furthermore,the software implementing the database engine of the present inventioncould be further modified to have a driver or subroutine which interactswith inventory software so as to add further seamlessly coordinate bothsystems (inventory and identification). Mechanical means could also beimplemented to automate the retrieval. Moreover, by using roboticretrieval systems in conjunction with appropriate software and driverswhich recognize and reorder inventory stocks without user intervention,the restocking of key blanks (or other objects) could be completelyautomated. To be certain, such additions may add a level of complexityto the invention; however, these complexities would be mitigated by thecorresponding increase in user-friendliness and efficiencies therebyachieved.

Such an automated machine would utilize the key identification methodand direct a retrieval unit to automatically pick the key blank from astorage location. After the key blank is picked, the retrieval unit willmove to the key cutting position. The retrieval unit will then proceedto integrate with the key cutting unit to cut the key form on the keyblank. The fully automated machine expands on the application ofsoftware created for key identification.

A semi-automated method is also possible. This would utilize either thesimple method mentioned above or the integrated display panel. With thissemi-automated method, the key is identified and selected from the hookrack and manually placed into a key holders or fixtures which would thenmove automatically to the key cutting unit and cut the key blank. Afterthe duplicate key is cut, it would return to the unload position for keyremoval from the holders or fixtures.

A novel display rack for KIDS is more fully described in the secondexample below. It should be understood that this display rack shouldhave particular utility with the system described herein, although thesystem itself does not necessarily require this rack. Indeed,substitutes for this rack are possible, without departing from theunderlying inventive principles of KIDS. However, use of this sort ofrack should increase the user's sense of satisfaction and accuracy byproviding him or her with a tangible result that can be inspected andcompared to the original.

The key identification system utilizes a general computing platform toprovide the database storage and computation, graphical user interface(GUI) for the operator, the display rack controller, and any and allother components which need the assistance of a general computingplatform. All of the components of KIDS may exist on a single computingmachine or on a plurality of computing machines with no requirements onthe various implementations in which they may interact and shareinformation. For example, a single general computing device such aspersonal computer may maintain the database and run the display rackcontrol while a series of personal digital assistants act as operatorinterfaces to collect inputs, and then transmits the pertinentinformation via a wireless network with the database result beingreflected by the lighted display rack, in conjunction with anappropriate notation for the specific user, which is physicallyconnected to the personal computer (the result could also be transmittedback to the particular user's personal digital assistant). This examplein no way limits or restricts the plurality of methods that this systemmay be implemented or networked, including inclusive hand-held devicesand systems coupled to key-cutting devices. Significantly, theinterchangeability of various consumer-oriented computing devicespermits widespread implementation of the invention in a variety ofenvironments, including situations where such devices are presentlyavailable, in addition to other situations where KIDS would be providedas a new, stand-alone installation (such as in an integrated kiosk).This interchangeability should also minimize expenses, while at the sametime providing a known platform of operation that is familiar to theuser (and/or proprietor of the establishment in which the KIDS isinstalled).

As discussed above, it is contemplated to utilize the present inventionwith an associated key-cutting device. Such a combination could be assimple as the retailer identifying the key blank with the presentinvention and physically placing the key in a key-cutting device forcopying against the master key. Alternatively, the combination couldinclude an auto-retrieval system that retrieves the key blank andforwards it to a key cutting device to minimize human intervention, todecrease likelihood of mistakes or injuries and to increase the overalluser-friendliness of the system. In such a completely automated system,cutting information would be sent to the key cutter from an interface atthe key cutting station.

Finally, as alluded above, the KIDS system is specifically designed forimplementation as a free-standing, consumer interactive kiosk. The user(person with a key to be copied) interacts with the kiosk by identifyingany known information from the key and narrowing the possible key blanksIn order to assist in measurement of the key's length or thickness, aspring-loaded, mechanical key measurement device could be integratedinto the kiosk itself. Additionally, the display rack would be mountedon or near the kiosk so as to provide the consumer with a simple,user-friendly experience. The visual display (i.e., the monitor, CRT orvideo system) would show a picture of the identified blank in order topermit visual verification by the user, possibly by showing a 1 to 1scale outline of the blank. Once confirmed, the user could also placethe master key into an interface that translates the key cuttinginformation to the key cutter so as to make a duplicate key in the eventthat the kiosk were operatively associated with a key cutting device, asdescribed above.

As mentioned repeatedly above, it should also be clear from thisdisclosure that the present invention has numerous additional uses thansolely for a key blank identification, storage, or cutting systems. Thepresent invention is equally applicable to other applications wherein amultitude of possible master objects having nuanced characteristics mustbe identified from an original provided by the user. For example, thepresent invention could be used to store and retrieve nuts and bolts orother fasteners. If a user comes into a store with a specific nut orbolt having a specific size, thread count, etc., the present inventioncan be used to identify an appropriate replacement, whether an exactmatch or just a suitable substitute. Thus, it is clear that the presentinvention has storage and identification capabilities for any number ofobjects.

Example 2

The display rack represents another unique aspect of the identificationsystem of the present invention. It is comprised of various individualcomponents. Each of these individual components is assembled together toform a single unit. A flexible system can be created and modified easilyby grouping a number of KIDs input stations to a single display rackand/or database (perhaps relying on a computerized network). These unitswill be integrated with other electronic hardware and software alsomentioned elsewhere in this application.

The basic structure of the Integrated Display Panel is shown in detailin FIG. 15. Essentially, rack 100 comprises an organized grid of lightsources 102, such as LEDs, incandescent bulbs or the like. These lightsources are selectively wired, in a manner consistent with thedescription below, and arranged to interact with the system by way of asingle display driver connector port 104. Individual product items 106can be stored and/or displayed proximate to the appropriate light source102. Obviously, the particular products and light positions must beappropriately coordinated with the output of the database in order toinsure proper functioning of the rack 100 and the system in general.This is only a single embodiment, and in no way limits any otherpossible embodiments of the display rack.

In turn, FIG. 16 shows a display board surface adapted for particularuse in a key identification system. The display rack of FIG. 16comprises pictures of specific key blanks, bar codes to assist in theidentification, inventory and tracking of each key blank, a code numberfor each key blank, a description of the key blank including usesassociated with that key blank, and an aperture in which an LED canshine through so as to identify the appropriate key blank in response toa query. Alternatively, each particular location on the grid could be ofa translucent material, so as to allow for the backlighting of theappropriate key location(s).

In either instance, display rack 100 provides for a visual aid to theoperator for ease-of-use during key identification and replication. Thehighlighted rack will indicate, via light source 102, the appropriateobjects required by the user/system. This system of indication increasesefficiency and helps to reduce operator errors.

As added features, the display rack can utilize a multi-cluster LEDdisplay, which provides for multiple colored LED's on a single locationto identify whether the selected object is the true original or asatisfactory substitute therefor. The display board itself iscustomizable so that individual retail store or distribution outletscould change its appearance to fit their individual needs, including theability to switch the precise objects for identification (i.e., toconvert the display from a key identification system to a fasteneridentification system through concurrent changes to the software anditems on the display panel). Further, it is possible to program thelight display or any additional attached light display to scroll amarquee text message (for example, to indicate whether the system isoperational, to simply to display general advertising, etc.). It ispreferred that several boards can be connected to display any number ofkey blanks available for sale. Finally, as alluded to above, the displayboard could be incorporated into a foldable, collapsible or otherwisetransportable design (i.e., the board could be integrated to fit withina carrying case, perhaps even in conjunction with the other elements ofthe system itself).

Notably, the wiring required to light all of the LEDs is actually rathercomplex, especially in the event that additional display panels areadded to the system. Furthermore, the high speed switching needed tocreate and maintain the appearance of multiple, lit locations on theboard requires relatively expensive drive electronics.

To overcome these difficulties, the display rack 100 of the presentinvention utilizes a combination of shift registers. Shift registers arereadily available integrated circuits that can control a number ofoutputs (typically 4 or 8) with minimal input signals. Because they aredesigned for use in series, any number of shift registers can be placedin series to drive as many LEDs as desired.

FIG. 17 shows a block diagram for 2 display panel sections which utilize8 bit shift registers. A power supply is provided to each register,along with 3 input signals: data, clock, and strobe. Significantly, astrobe signal would normally be needed to transfer the data from theshift register to a buffer in the shift register (the buffer allows allthe outputs to be changed at the same time by the strobe signal), butthrough the use of a clock signal in place of a strobe signal/buffercombination, rapid shifting of new data sets can be achieved. Thus, theclock signal eliminates the need for a strobe signal and buffer becauseof the speed at which data is shifted. For example, a panel with 320individual LEDs can be made with only 40 shift register integratedcircuits wired in series and without the need for individual buffers orstrobe signals.

Additionally, a separate computer would normally be needed to receivedata from the database computer and continuously scan the LEDs at a highspeed in order to give the appearance that several LEDs are illuminatedat the same time. However, the display rack of the present inventiononly needs to be altered when its input data (from the database)changes. Thus, the new shift register based embodiment of the inventivedisplay rack only needs to be driven when the data changes. Most of thetime it simply displays the most recent data, such that the reduceddrive requirements can actually be met by the database computer itself,and without the need for a separate computer.

Unfortunately, most commercially available database software has little(if any) support for custom electronic hardware interfaces such as shiftregisters. Thus, the display rack of the present invention relies upon awired or wireless communications port (as mentioned above) found onalmost all commercially available personal computers. In doing so, itwill be understood that some changes are required insofar as printerports have appropriate voltage levels for a shift register but don'tpossess suitable driver software in standard PC software developmentpackages, whereas serial ports have adequate software support but needssome voltage level conversions.

FIG. 18 shows a block diagram of the serial port output signals, alongwith the level conversion hardware needed to drive the shift registersbased on a signal received from the serial port. A standard integratedcircuit, such as a 74HCT04 Hex Inverter, receives data from the databasemeans. Internal diodes clamp the input voltage to 5 volts positive and 0volts negative within the integrated circuit, while the series 1 K ohmresistors limits the current to protect these diodes. Significantly, allof these devices are readily available in most consumer electronicsstores.

Standard serial port drivers allow program control of the Ready To Send(RTS) and Data Terminal Ready (DTR) signal lines. The Transmit Data (DT)line, however, is driven by a special shift register within the serialport hardware. The serial output shift register data was used as a clocksignal. The output was programmed with 1, 2, 3 or 4 pulses and that datawas shifted out to the clock inputs of the driver electronics. Thisapproach resulted in 1 to 4 clock pulses at the display. The outputdriver program in the database sequences between setting the data linehigh and low, as well as sending out clock pulses to get the desiredpattern of LEDs on the display to illuminate.

Using this aforementioned set up, it was possible to connect and controlthe display rack 100 relying upon standard, easy-to-obtain electronicsand the serial port of a personal computer. In this manner, theinvention can be implemented in a multitude of ways and without the needfor multiple computers (i.e., one to control the display rack andanother to run the database) or extraneous electronics (i.e., a strobesignal and buffer). The invention also contemplates the creation ofappropriate driver software so as to permit connection of the printerport, or other communications port, directly to the shift registers (asmentioned above, voltage correction would not be necessary). In suchinstances, those familiar with programming techniques should be able toconstruct appropriate code for this set up.

Example 3

The identification system of the present invention relies upon theaforementioned database means for comparing specific observed traits ofan unknown object with accumulated data concerning those same traits fora wide range of known items. As such, the database means forms anindispensable part of the inventive system. The data itself is organizedinto a number of standardized fields which correspond direct to thespecified trait being inputted by the user.

As mentioned above, the programming required by the database andassociated software applications can be achieved using known programminglanguages and techniques. The software could be implemented usingdatabase platforms and operating systems. Alternatively, the programcould be specially written utilizing object-oriented or other knownprogramming strategies and computer codes such as Active X, XML, C+,etc. Artificial intelligence concepts could be implemented so that thesystem would essentially adapt to learn from mistakes or frequent userinputs or preferences, thereby making future operation of the systemeven more efficient and/or user-friendly.

The size, complexity and operational configuration of the database willdepend upon the resources available to the system. Ideally, theinventive system would include a dedicated personal computer, such thatthe database takes the form of a computer application, locally installedon the hard drive of that computer. It is believed that this arrangementwill simplify the installation and operation of the system, insofar asmany users are familiar and comfortable with utilizing software on aregular store-bought personal computer system. Nevertheless, those whoare familiar with computer systems will recognize a number of otherpossible set ups for the database, all of which are encompassed by thisdisclosure and intended for inclusion in the claims below.

In its broadest form, the database itself might even comprise simple,printed tables of information, conveniently arranged and displayed onthe user interface itself. In this type of set up, the interface wouldbe a display panel contained on a kiosk wherein detailed writteninstructions are given to the user. For example, the user might bepresented with four booklets of tables, with each booklet correspondingto the intended use for a key blank (one booklet for house key blanks,one for cars, etc.). Upon identifying the proper booklet, a series ofquestions would be presented to the user, such as length of the keyblade, identity of the previous blank/key manufacture (if discerniblefrom the master key) and so forth. The booklet would instruct the userwhich page to turn to for further information, and each table wouldcontain an input code or some other identifier for the user to provideto the system. These codes or identifiers would then be processed by thedatabase means, which would visually display the corresponding masterobject or objects on an appropriate display rack. Ideally, anappropriate single match could be achieved with only a few basic inputs.Notably, some sort of input device would still be required in order toallow the system to properly activate the display rack (or other meansfor highlighting the identified blank for the user), and in thisparticular arrangement, the term database means is meant to encompassthe coupling of information booklets/tables with these devices.

Clearly, this sort of tabular-driven format has drawbacks in terms ofmisreading the booklets and/or defacing of the booklets themselves;accordingly, a preferred embodiment of the invention involves provisionof the software for installation on a computer system which is itselfincorporated into the inventive system. The software would be written ina manner well-known to the art of computer programming. FIG. 19 providesa possible flow chart for the identification process required by a keyblank identification system.

As seen in FIG. 19, the system is first activated. This step may beaccomplished by way of a dedicated on/off button, by a user simplypressing one of the keys on the interface, by way of a motion trackingsensor or by other known means.

Tracking information is then recorded by the software, either through amanual input provided by the user or through a seamless encoding processperformed automatically by the program itself. Tracking information caninclude any number of fields, such as: time, date, location (in theevent the system includes a multitude of user input stations) and/ordemographic or other information about the user (age, gender, etc.).This information will become part of the aforementioned historical logfunction, and the program will export data as needed to the necessaryportions of the system. Additionally or alternatively, the informationbeing tracked could be related to inventory levels of the master objectsthemselves, although in this case the program would simply monitor useof the system as the appropriate master object is identified/provided tothe user.

The user is then prompted for an input. This input may relate to theobject itself, as represented by arrow A in FIG. 19, or the input may berelated to the system performance, the system help function, thehistorical log feature or the system deactivate function, as representedby arrow B. Each specific branch will be described separately below, butin either case, the program must identify the nature of the input andrespond accordingly. Also, the input query itself can be achievedthrough a traditional question-and-answer process or, as seen in thescreen shots of FIGS. 2-14, the presentation of the graphical userinterface itself can serve to notify and prompt the user concerning thevarious possible responses (including the specific fields of informationpossible for inputs related to the object, as in arrow A).

In instances where the input relates to the object itself (arrow A), theprogram will compare the input with an appropriate subset of datacontained within the database. The database may be a separate objectwithin the program structure so as to allow for easy updates withoutdisrupting the remainder of the code itself.

When the input relates to some other request (arrow B), the program willengage the necessary software elements to generate an appropriateresponse. For example, in the event the input is a request to generate areport regarding specific historical information, the program will(either through an appropriate subroutine, a separate application orother programming device) search and retrieve the required informationfrom the historical log. Likewise, if the input is a help request or aninventory-related function (such as a query related to the number ofmaster objects sold or remaining, a user provided or an automatic,computer-triggered request to re-order certain masters, etc.), theprogram will identify an appropriate response by the system, in a mannerconsistent with the steps described below.

Once an appropriate output response has been identified, the programwill seamlessly identify the necessary hardware drivers and generate anappropriate output to display the result. In the case of object relatedinformation, this output may be a set of instructions sent to thedisplay rack along with a concurrent output for display on the GUI. Forexample, the object-related results could be displayed in a separatetext box on the GUI itself, as seen in the screen shots of FIGS. 2-14;in the form of reduced choices available in a drop-down window also seenin FIGS. 2-14; or in the event that a real-time GUI is not included withthe system, in the form of printed results (this option requiresinclusion of a printer and engagement of the appropriate printer driversby the program). In the case of other requests (arrow B), the programmay need to initialize a video for display, generate instructions for astandalone printer, create an appropriate display within the GUI itselfor engage the necessary network or other functions to respond toinventory related commands and the like.

Finally, after the appropriate results have been displayed, the programdetermines if the user desires to provide further inputs. Again, itshould be kept in mind, especially with regard to object related inputs,that the GUI itself may make this process inherent (i.e., this finalstep may simply appear to the user to be part of the GUI itself—insofaras the drop-down windows and/or the results of the separate text boxappear automatically—rather than as a separate prompt for furtherinformation).

Once the program determines that no further inputs or actions aredesired by the user, the system itself is reset (this is especiallyimportant for configurations which include the display rack) and thendeactivated. Alternatively or additionally, the program mayautomatically provide such a reset command after a certain period oftime elapses without an input and/or other pre-determined circumstancesoccur.

The relative cost, space requirements, packaging and complexity of alaptop or desktop personal computer may actually be very onerous forcertain intended applications, especially in instances where the objectto be identified possesses a multitude of traits/variables or in caseswhere the system needs to be installed on a wide number of locations. Toreduce the cost and memory requirements of the present invention, aminiature version of the computing system can be developed. Thisminiature version includes various combinations of screen sizes, formatsand functionalities.

For example, one of these concepts contemplates the use of a very small,inexpensive embedded computer having a four line alphanumeric displayand 6 navigation and selection push buttons. FIG. 20 is a screen shotdisplays the GUI of such a system.

The top line in this system is used for navigation instructions andresults. The lower 3 lines are divided into right and left sides and areused to display selection options. The darkened letters highlight whichof the 6 possible candidates have been selected. The Up and Down buttonmove this selection up and down between the 3 selectable lines of thedisplay. The “< >” button toggles the selection between the right andleft columns. Going up or down beyond the current display limits willcause the display to automatically scroll so that all available optionsmay be selected.

The Select button uses the currently selected item to restrict the totalnumber of selected key blanks. When it is pressed the next lower levelof selections is displayed and the total number of keys selected will bereduced.

The Back button moves backward through the selection process. Priorselections will be presented and the number of keys selected will rise.Pressing this key multiple times will get back to the starting point.

The Clear button goes directly to the starting point. The effect is thesame as multiple Back button presses but the operation is faster and theoperator is assured of having a fresh search space.

Significantly, use of this scaled-down version allows for lower costinstallation of the system. Further, because of the reduced memory andsystem requirements, this miniature version may be ideal forincorporation in field-based identification systems. Such field-basedmodels would be particularly durable and transportable, especially ifconnected to a computerized network via a wireless link.

The invention has been described with reference to the preferredembodiment. Obviously, modifications and alternations will occur toothers upon a reading and understanding of this specification. The claimas follows is intended to include all modifications and alterationsinsofar as they come within the scope of the claim or the equivalentthereof.

1. An object identification system comprising: an interactive userinterface configured to receive a manually typed variable related to anintended use of a first key into an input field, wherein said specifiedvariable is known or physically observed by a user of the system basedupon a visual inspection of said first key; and a database for matchinga key blank to said first key, said database containing known valuesrelated to key blanks to narrow the number of key blanks that match theintended use of said first key.
 2. The system of claim 1 furthercomprising a software configured to compare said known values related tokey blanks with said specified variable.
 3. The system of claim 1,wherein said interactive user interface comprises a graphical userinterface.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein said first key is a key foran automobile.
 5. The system of claim 4, wherein said specified variableis related to the make of said automobile.
 6. The system of claim 4,wherein said specified variable is related to the model of saidautomobile.
 7. The system of claim 1 further comprising a key cuttingmachine configured to cut the profile of said first key into a selectedkey blank.
 8. The system of claim 1 further comprising an inventorysystem to track and record the number of key blanks added to andretrieved from the system.
 9. The system of claim 1 further comprising ameans to compare a selected key blank with a key blank identified by thesystem to verify proper selection of the identified key blank.